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JUTE

stilleben from HÅNDVÆRK bookazine no. 6. reliefs ANNE BRONTON kitchen GARDE HVALSØE

Jute is used to make paper, rope, carpets and hessian. Dry jute is hardwearing, but the material is easily broken down by moisture and light.

The jute plant is an annual cultivated in wet, tropical regions, especially in Asia – where India is, by far, the main producer – but also in Brazil.
The production of jute is low-tech and low-cost.
Under optimal conditions, jute is grown with no or very little fertilizer.

January 2023

 

Extract from HÅNDVÆRK bookazine no.6.
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Jute is used to make paper, rope, carpets and hessian. Dry jute is hardwearing, but the material is easily broken down by moisture and light.

The jute plant is an annual cultivated in wet, tropical regions, especially in Asia – where India is, by far, the main producer – but also in Brazil.
The production of jute is low-tech and low-cost.
Under optimal conditions, jute is grown with no or very little fertilizer.

After cotton, jute is the most commonly used vegetable fibre in the textile industry.

The stems grow to a height of 1 to 4 metres.
Jute is harvested after flowering and before it runs to seed.
Like flax and hemp, jute is a stem fibre. Like other stem fibres, it is extracted after a fermentation process called retting. Jute stems are soaked in water for up to 20 days, as micro-organisms and moisture loosen the fibres. After retting, the stems are pounded with a wooden hammer, and the fibres can be pulled off as long strands.
The fibres are then cleaned in water and hung or spread out to dry. After drying for two to three days, they are bundled and transported to the spinning mill, where they are spun into yarn that is later woven into rugs or canvas. Jute fibres can also be used for paper production.

Jute leaves contain vitamins and minerals and are used fresh, boiled or dried in cooking.

The leaves are also used medicinally.

TOW
Tow is a residual product from the scutching and hackling of hemp and flax.
Tow consists of short fibres that can be processed in various ways to make yarn for weaving or to produce packaging, rope, paper, insulation material or stuffing.
Tow can also be used as a component in composite materials.

Uddrag fra HÅNDÆRK bookazine no. 6.
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Jute kendes fra papir, reb, gulvtæpper og hessianJute er slidstærkt i tør tilstand, men nedbrydes let af fugt og lys.

Juteplanten er en etårig, hurtigvoksende plante, som dyrkes i tropiske områder med megen nedbør, særligt i Asien, hvor Indien står for den absolut største produktion, men den vokser også i Brasilien.
Produktionen er lavteknologisk og billig.
Under optimale forhold kan jute dyrkes med ingen eller meget lille forbrug af gødning.
Næst efter bomuld er jute den mest udbredte vegetabilske fiber i tekstilindustrien.

Stænglerne bliver 1-4 meter høje.
Juten høstes, når den har blomstret, inden den går i frø.

Juten er ligesom hør og hamp en stængelfiber, og udvinding foregår ligesom for de andre stængelfibres vedkommende ved, at fibrene skilles fra stænglen efter en fermentering, kaldet ‘rødning’: Stænglerne lægges i vand i op til 20 dage, hvorved mikroorganismer og fugt får fiberen til at løsne sig fra. Herefter slås på stænglerne med en træhammer, og fibrene kan trækkes af i lange tråde.
De vaskes i rent vand og hænges op eller spredes ud for at tørre. Efter 2-3 dages tørring bindes de i bundter og fragtes til spinderiet, som omdanner dem til garn, som siden væves til tæpper eller lærred. Jutefibre kan også indgå i papirproduktion.

Jutens blade indgår i køkkenet både friske, kogte og tørrede, bladene er vitamin- og mineralholdige.
Jutebladene bliver også brugt medicinsk.


BLÅR
Er et restprodukt fra skætning og hegling af hamp og hør.
Blår er korte fibre, som kan videreforarbejdes på forskellig vis: til garn, som væves og bruges som emballage, som materiale til rebslagning, til papir, isoleringsmateriale og som polstremateriale.
Blår kan også indgå som komponent i et kompositmateriale.

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